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Japanese basics

Basic Japanese phrases

Forty phrases that cover a first conversation and a first trip: being polite, asking for things, finding your way, ordering, and saying that you do not understand. Each one is given as it is normally written (with kanji), in hiragana alone, in romaji and in English. If you can read hiragana, use the hiragana column: it is the honest version of the pronunciation.

The essentials

JapaneseHiraganaRomajiMeaning
haiYes
iieNo
onegai shimasuPlease (when asking for something)
arigatō gozaimasuThank you
sumimasenExcuse me / sorry
daijōbu desuIt is fine / I am OK / no thanks
wakarimashitaUnderstood, got it
wakarimasenI do not understand / I do not know

is the polite way to decline: a bag at the till, a refill, help you do not need. opens almost every request to a stranger.

When you do not understand

JapaneseHiraganaRomajiMeaning
nihongo ga wakarimasenI do not understand Japanese
eigo o hanasemasu kaDo you speak English?
mō ichido onegai shimasuOnce more, please
yukkuri hanashite kudasaiPlease speak slowly
kore wa nan desu kaWhat is this?
nihongo de nan to iimasu kaHow do you say it in Japanese?

Introducing yourself

JapaneseHiraganaRomajiMeaning
hajimemashiteNice to meet you
watashi wa ... desuI am ...
... kara kimashitaI am from ...
onamae wa nan desu kaWhat is your name?
yoroshiku onegai shimasuPleased to meet you (closing an introduction)
nihongo o benkyō shite imasuI am studying Japanese

Finding your way

JapaneseHiraganaRomajiMeaning
... wa doko desu kaWhere is ...?
toire wa doko desu kaWhere is the toilet?
eki wa doko desu kaWhere is the station?
massuguStraight ahead
migi / hidariRight / left
koko / soko / asokoHere / there / over there
kono densha wa ... ni ikimasu kaDoes this train go to ...?

Shopping and eating out

JapaneseHiraganaRomajiMeaning
kore o kudasaiThis one, please
ikura desu kaHow much is it?
... wa arimasu kaDo you have ...?
futari desuTwo people (at a restaurant)
menyū o onegai shimasuThe menu, please
mizu o kudasaiWater, please
osusume wa nan desu kaWhat do you recommend?
okaikei o onegai shimasuThe bill, please
oishii desuIt is delicious
kādo wa tsukaemasu kaCan I pay by card?

In case of trouble

JapaneseHiraganaRomajiMeaning
tasuketeHelp!
byōinHospital
keisatsuPolice
kibun ga warui desuI feel sick
... o nakushimashitaI lost my ...

Three patterns behind these phrases

For the greetings that open and close these exchanges, see Japanese greetings. For the numbers you will need to understand a price, see Japanese numbers.

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Practice with Kanapup

The hiragana column is the one worth reading. Learn the characters row by row in the app and these phrases stop being lines to memorise.